Flat feet, a condition where the arches of the feet collapse, represent a common structural issue that can lead to significant postural changes. This condition changes how weight is distributed across the foot during standing and walking. Over time, these subtle shifts can contribute to poor posture, causing the body to compensate in ways that may lead to discomfort or reduced mobility.
What Causes Flat Feet?
Flat feet can develop for a variety of reasons, ranging from congenital factors to lifestyle influences. For some individuals, the arches never fully develop during childhood. This is often genetic and may run in families. In these cases, the foot remains flexible and flat even when not bearing weight.
Adult-acquired flatfoot is another variation, occurring later in life. This often results from the weakening or tearing of the posterior tibial tendon, which supports the arch. As this tendon stretches or loses strength, the arch gradually collapses.
What Are Its Effects?
While some people with flat feet experience no pain or noticeable issues, others may face a range of symptoms that extend beyond the feet themselves. The primary sign is the visible lack of an arch when standing. The entire sole of the foot touches the floor. Beyond the visual aspect, individuals often report pain in the heel or arch area. This discomfort typically worsens with activity, and swelling along the inside of the ankle can also occur.
Common postural and physical symptoms include:
- Knee Pain: As the feet roll inward, the knees may turn inward as well, placing strain on the knee joints.
- Fatigue: The muscles in the feet and legs must work harder to stabilize the body, often leading to a sensation of heavy or tired legs after periods of standing or walking.
- Uneven Shoe Wear: Shoes may wear down rapidly on the inside of the sole due to overpronation.
Because flat feet alter leg alignment, symptoms frequently manifest in other areas of the body.
How Is It Treated?
Addressing flat feet generally begins with conservative, non-invasive methods aimed at relieving symptoms and improving alignment. The goal is often to support the foot structure rather than to recreate an arch where one does not exist. Custom-made shoe inserts are a primary treatment option. These devices can support the arch and correct overpronation, helping to realign the ankle and lower leg. This realignment may reduce strain on the knees and lower back.
A physical therapist can design a program of stretching and strengthening exercises. Strengthening the posterior tibial muscle and the intrinsic muscles of the foot may provide better natural support for the arch. Stretching the Achilles tendon is also beneficial, as a tight heel cord can exacerbate flatfoot. For cases where excess weight contributes to the collapse of the arch, reaching a healthy weight can reduce the load on the feet and alleviate symptoms.
Confer With a Podiatrist
While flat feet are common, persistent pain or noticeable changes in gait warrant professional evaluation. A podiatrist can determine if your flat feet are flexible or rigid, a distinction that influences the treatment plan. Early intervention can prevent the progression of deformities and protect the joints of the lower body from long-term wear. Addressing the foundation of your body helps maintain proper posture and function for years to come.
